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Ring Laser Gyroscopes (RLGs) sun sami ci gaba sosai tun farkon su, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a tsarin kewayawa da sufuri na zamani. Wannan labarin yana zurfafa cikin haɓakawa, ƙa'ida, da aikace-aikacen RLGs, yana nuna mahimmancin su a cikin tsarin kewayawa da amfani da su a cikin hanyoyin sufuri daban-daban.
Tafiya ta Tarihi ta Gyroscopes
Daga Ra'ayi zuwa Kewayawa na zamani
Tafiya ta gyroscopes ta fara ne da haɗin gwiwar ƙirƙira na farko na gyrocompass a cikin 1908 da Elmer Sperry, wanda aka yiwa lakabi da "uban fasahar kewayawa ta zamani," da Herman Anschütz-Kaempfe. A cikin shekaru da yawa, gyroscopes sun ga ingantattun ci gaba, suna haɓaka amfanin su a kewayawa da sufuri. Waɗannan ci gaban sun ba da damar gyroscopes don ba da jagora mai mahimmanci don daidaita tashin jirage da ba da damar ayyukan autopilot. Wani sanannen zanga-zanga da Lawrence Sperry ya yi a watan Yunin 1914 ya nuna yuwuwar gyroscopic autopilot ta hanyar daidaita jirgin sama yayin da yake tsaye a cikin jirgin, wanda ke nuna babban ci gaba a fasahar autopilot.
Canjawa zuwa Gyroscopes Laser Zobe
Juyin halitta ya ci gaba tare da ƙirƙirar gyroscope na zobe na farko a cikin 1963 ta Macek da Davis. Wannan ƙirƙira ta nuna alamar canji daga gyroscopes na inji zuwa gyros laser, wanda ya ba da daidaito mafi girma, ƙarancin kulawa, da rage farashi. A yau, gyros Laser zobe, musamman a aikace-aikacen soja, sun mamaye kasuwa saboda amincin su da ingancinsu a wuraren da aka lalata siginar GPS.
Ka'idar Ring Laser Gyroscopes
Fahimtar Tasirin Sagnac
Babban aikin RLGs ya ta'allaka ne a cikin iyawarsu ta tantance yanayin yanayin wani abu a cikin sarari mara amfani. Ana samun wannan ta hanyar tasirin Sagnac, inda interferometer na zobe ke amfani da katako na Laser wanda ke tafiya a wasu wurare daban-daban a kusa da rufaffiyar hanya. Tsarin tsangwama da waɗannan katako suka ƙirƙira yana aiki azaman wurin tunani a tsaye. Duk wani motsi yana canza tsawon hanyar waɗannan katako, yana haifar da canji a tsarin tsangwama daidai da saurin kusurwa. Wannan dabarar dabarar tana ba da damar RLGs don auna daidaitawa tare da na musamman na musamman ba tare da dogaro da nassoshi na waje ba.
Aikace-aikace a cikin Kewayawa da Sufuri
Juyin Juya Tsarin Kewayawa Inertial (INS)
RLGs sune kayan aiki don haɓaka Tsarin Kewayawa Inertial Navigation Systems (INS), waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don jagorantar jiragen ruwa, jirage, da makamai masu linzami a cikin wuraren da GPS ta ƙi. Ƙirarsu mai ƙanƙara, mara ƙarfi ta sa su dace don irin waɗannan aikace-aikacen, suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙarin amintattun hanyoyin kewayawa.
Tsayayyen Platform vs. Strap-Down INS
Fasahar INS sun samo asali don haɗawa da ingantaccen dandamali da tsarin madauri. INS dandali mai daidaitacce, duk da rikitaccen injin su da yuwuwar sawa, suna ba da aiki mai ƙarfi ta hanyar haɗa bayanan analog. A kanwani hannun, madauri-saukar INS tsarin amfana daga m da kuma kiyaye-free yanayi na RLGs, sanya su a fi so zabi ga zamani jirgin sama saboda su tsada-tasiri da kuma daidaici.
Haɓaka Kewayawa Makami mai linzami
RLGs kuma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin jagoranci na makamai masu wayo. A cikin mahallin da GPS ba abin dogaro ba ne, RLGs suna ba da madadin abin dogaro don kewayawa. Ƙananan girmansu da tsayin daka ga matsananciyar dakarun sun sa su dace da makamai masu linzami da harsashi, wanda aka kwatanta da tsarin kamar Tomahawk cruise missile da M982 Excalibur.
Tsarin misali gimbaled inertial stabilized dandali ta amfani da filaye. Injiniya 360.
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Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-01-2024