Laser rangefinders, LiDARs, da sauran na'urori ana amfani da ko'ina a masana'antu na zamani, safiyo, tuki mai cin gashin kansa, da na'urorin lantarki masu amfani. Koyaya, masu amfani da yawa suna lura da karkatattun ma'auni yayin aiki a cikin filin, musamman lokacin da ake mu'amala da abubuwa masu launi ko kayan aiki daban-daban. Tushen wannan kuskuren galibi yana da alaƙa ta kud da kud da tunanin abin da ake nufi. Wannan labarin zai zurfafa cikin tasirin tunani akan ma'aunin nesa da samar da dabaru masu amfani don zaɓin manufa.
1. Menene Tunani kuma Me yasa Ya Shafi Ma'aunin Nisa?
Tunani yana nufin iyawar saman don nuna hasken abin da ya faru, yawanci ana bayyana shi azaman kashi (misali, farin bango yana da haske kusan 80%, yayin da baƙar fata yana da 5%) kawai. Na'urorin auna Laser suna ƙayyade nisa ta hanyar ƙididdige bambancin lokaci tsakanin fiddawa da haske mai haske (ta amfani da ƙa'idar Lokaci-lokaci). Idan hasashe na abin da abin da ake nufi ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa, zai iya haifar da:
- Ƙarfin siginar rauni: Idan hasken da ke haskakawa ya yi rauni sosai, na'urar ba za ta iya ɗaukar ingantacciyar sigina ba.
- Ƙara Kuskuren Ma'auni: Tare da tsangwama mafi girma na amo, daidaito yana raguwa.
- Gajerun Ma'auni: Matsakaicin ingantacciyar nisa na iya raguwa da fiye da 50%.
2. Rarraba Tunani da Dabarun Zaɓin Maƙasudi
Dangane da halayen kayan gama-gari, ana iya rarraba maƙasudi zuwa rukuni uku masu zuwa:
① Babban Maƙasudin Nuni (> 50%)
- Kayan aiki na yau da kullun: Filayen ƙarfe da aka goge, madubai, farar yumbu, kankare mai launin haske
- Abũbuwan amfãni: Ƙarfin siginar dawowa, dace da dogon nisa (sama da 500m) ma'auni mai mahimmanci
- Yanayin aikace-aikacen: Binciken gine-gine, binciken layin wutar lantarki, binciken ƙasa mara matuki
- Lura: Ka guje wa saman madubi wanda zai iya haifar da tunani na musamman (wanda zai iya haifar da rashin daidaituwa).
② Maƙasudin Nuna Matsakaici (20% -50%)
- Abubuwan da aka saba: itace, hanyoyin kwalta, bangon bulo mai duhu, tsire-tsire masu kore
- Ma'auni:
Rage nisan awo (an shawarta <200m).
Kunna yanayin haɓakar na'urar.
Fi son matte saman (misali, kayan sanyi).
③ Ƙananan Maƙasudin Nuni (<20%)
- Abubuwa na yau da kullun: Baƙar fata, tarin kwal, yadudduka masu duhu, jikin ruwa
- Hatsari: Alamun na iya ɓacewa ko wahala daga kurakuran tsalle.
- Magani:
Yi amfani da maƙasudin na baya-baya (allon nuni).
Daidaita kusurwar abin da ya faru na Laser zuwa ƙasa 45° (don haɓaka hangen nesa).
Zaɓi na'urorin da ke aiki a tsawon 905nm ko 1550nm (don mafi kyawun shiga).
3. Dabarun yanayi na musamman
① Ma'aunin Maƙasudin Ƙarfafa (misali, motoci masu motsi):
- Ba da fifikon faranti na abin hawa (wurin nuna haske) ko jikin mota masu launin haske.
- Yi amfani da fasahar gane echo da yawa (don tace ruwan sama da tsangwama).
② Haɗaɗɗen Maganin Sama:
- Don ƙarfe mai launin duhu, yi amfani da suturar matte (wanda zai iya inganta haɓakawa zuwa 30%).
- Shigar da matattarar polarizing a gaban bangon labulen gilashi (don murkushe tunani na musamman).
③ Rarraba Shisshigi na Muhalli:
- Kunna algorithms na kashe haske na bango a cikin yanayin haske mai haske.
- A cikin ruwan sama ko dusar ƙanƙara, yi amfani da fasahar tazarar tazara (PIM).
4. Jagororin Tuna Ma'aunin Kayan Aiki
- Gyaran Wuta: Ƙara ƙarfin Laser don ƙananan maƙasudin tunani (tabbatar da bin iyakokin amincin ido).
- Karɓar Buɗawa: Ƙara diamita na ruwan tabarau mai karɓa (ga kowane ninka biyu, ribar siginar yana ƙaruwa sau huɗu).
- Saitin Ƙofar: Daidaitaccen daidaita madaidaicin siginar ƙarar siginar (don guje wa farar ƙarya saboda hayaniya).
5. Yanayin gaba: Fasahar Haɓakawa ta Hannun Hannu
Tsarin auna nisa na gaba na gaba sun fara haɗawa:
- Sarrafa Gain Adaɗi (AGC): Daidaita-lokaci na ainihin hankalin mai gano hoto.
- Abubuwan Gane AI Algorithms: Daidaita nau'ikan kayan ta amfani da fasalulluka na faɗakarwa.
- Multispectral Fusion: Haɗa haske mai gani da bayanan infrared don ƙarin cikakken hukunci.
Kammalawa
Kwarewar halayen tunani shine ainihin fasaha don inganta daidaiton aunawa. Ta hanyar zabar maƙasudai a kimiyyance da daidaita na'urori yadda ya kamata, ko da a cikin yanayin haske mai ƙarancin ƙarfi (kasa da 10%), ana iya samun daidaiton ma'aunin millimita. Yayin da fasahar ramawa ta fasaha ta haɓaka, tsarin aunawa na gaba zai daidaita da “da wayo” zuwa mahalli masu rikitarwa. Koyaya, fahimtar ainihin ƙa'idodin tunani zai zama koyaushe fasaha mai mahimmanci ga injiniyoyi.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris-04-2025