LiDAR Nesa Hannu: Ka'ida, Aikace-aikace, Albarkatun Kyauta da Software

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Na'urori masu auna firikwensin LiDAR na iskana iya ɗaukar takamaiman maki daga bugun bugun laser, wanda aka sani da ma'aunin dawowa mai hankali, ko yin rikodin cikakken sigina yayin da yake dawowa, wanda ake kira cikakken waveform, a tsayayyen tazara kamar 1 ns (wanda ke rufe kusan 15 cm). LiDAR mai cikakken igiyar ruwa galibi ana amfani da shi a cikin gandun daji, yayin da dawo da hankali LiDAR yana da fa'idan aikace-aikace a fagage daban-daban. Wannan labarin da farko yana tattauna mayar da hankali ga LiDAR da amfaninsa. A cikin wannan babi, za mu rufe batutuwa masu mahimmanci game da LiDAR, gami da ainihin abubuwan da ke tattare da shi, yadda yake aiki, daidaitonsa, tsarinsa, da albarkatun da ake da su.

Abubuwan asali na LiDAR

Tsarin LiDAR na tushen ƙasa yawanci suna amfani da lasers tare da tsayin raƙuman ruwa tsakanin 500-600 nm, yayin da tsarin LiDAR na iska yana amfani da lasers tare da tsayin tsayi, kama daga 1000-1600 nm. Daidaitaccen saitin LiDAR na iska ya haɗa da na'urar daukar hoto ta Laser, na'ura don auna nisa (nau'in jeri), da tsarin sarrafawa, saka idanu, da rikodi. Hakanan ya haɗa da Tsarin Matsayi na Duniya Bambanci (DGPS) da Sashin Auna Inertial (IMU), galibi ana haɗa su cikin tsari ɗaya da aka sani da matsayi da tsarin daidaitawa. Wannan tsarin yana ba da madaidaicin wuri (longitude, latitude, da kuma tsayi) da kuma daidaitawa (roll, farar, da taken) bayanai.

 Hanyoyin da Laser ke duba wurin na iya bambanta, gami da zigzag, layi ɗaya, ko hanyoyin elliptical. Haɗin bayanan DGPS da IMU, tare da bayanan daidaitawa da sigogi masu hawa, yana ba da damar tsarin don aiwatar da daidaitattun maki Laser da aka tattara. Ana sanya waɗannan abubuwan daidaitawa (x, y, z) a cikin tsarin daidaita yanayin yanki ta amfani da Tsarin Geodetic na Duniya na 1984 (WGS84).

Yadda LiDARHannun nesaAyyuka? Yi Bayani ta Hanya Mai Sauƙi

Tsarin LiDAR yana fitar da bugun laser mai sauri zuwa wani abu da aka yi niyya ko saman.

Ƙwayoyin laser suna nunawa akan manufa kuma suna komawa zuwa firikwensin LiDAR.

Na'urar firikwensin yana auna daidai lokacin da kowane bugun jini ya ɗauka don tafiya zuwa wurin da aka nufa da baya.

Yin amfani da saurin haske da lokacin tafiya, ana ƙididdige nisa zuwa manufa.

Haɗe tare da matsayi da bayanan daidaitawa daga GPS da na'urori masu auna firikwensin IMU, an ƙaddara madaidaitan daidaitawar 3D na tunanin Laser.

Wannan yana haifar da gajimare mai girman gaske na 3D mai wakiltar saman ko abu da aka bincika.

Ƙa'idar Jiki na LiDAR

Tsarin LiDAR yana amfani da nau'ikan laser iri biyu: bugun jini da ci gaba da igiyar ruwa. Tsarin LiDAR Pulsed yana aiki ta hanyar aika ɗan gajeren bugun bugun haske sannan kuma auna lokacin da ake ɗauka don wannan bugun jini don tafiya zuwa wurin da aka yi niyya da komawa ga mai karɓa. Wannan ma'auni na lokacin zagaye-tafiye yana taimakawa wajen tantance nisa zuwa wurin da aka nufa. Ana nuna misali a cikin zane inda aka nuna girman siginar haske da aka watsa (AT) da siginar haske da aka karɓa (AR). Ma'auni na asali da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin wannan tsarin ya ƙunshi saurin haske (c) da nisa zuwa manufa (R), yana ba da damar tsarin yin lissafin nisa bisa tsawon lokacin da hasken zai dawo.

Komawa mai hankali da cikakken ma'auni ta amfani da LiDAR iska.

Tsarin LiDAR na iska.

Tsarin ma'auni a cikin LiDAR, wanda yayi la'akari da duka mai ganowa da halayen maƙasudi, an taƙaita shi ta ma'auni na LiDAR. An daidaita wannan lissafin daga ma'auni na radar kuma yana da mahimmanci a fahimtar yadda tsarin LiDAR ke lissafin nisa. Yana bayyana alaƙar da ke tsakanin ƙarfin siginar da aka watsa (Pt) da ikon siginar da aka karɓa (Pr). Ainihin, ma'auni yana taimakawa wajen ƙididdige yawan hasken da aka watsa zuwa mai karɓa bayan an nuna makasudin, wanda ke da mahimmanci don ƙayyade nisa da ƙirƙirar taswira daidai. Wannan dangantakar tana yin la'akari da abubuwa kamar karkatar da sigina saboda nisa da hulɗa tare da farfajiyar manufa.

Aikace-aikace na LiDAR Remote Sensing

 LiDAR nesa mai nisa yana da aikace-aikace da yawa a fagage daban-daban:
 Taswirar ƙasa da taswirar yanayi don ƙirƙirar ƙirar haɓakar dijital mai ƙima (DEMs).
 Taswirar gandun daji da ciyayi don nazarin tsarin alfarwar bishiyar da biomass.
 Taswirar bakin teku da bakin ruwa don lura da zaizayar ƙasa da sauye-sauyen matakin teku.
 Tsare-tsare na birni da ƙirar kayan more rayuwa, gami da gine-gine da hanyoyin sadarwar sufuri.
 Takaddun kayan tarihi da kayan tarihi na kayan tarihi da kayan tarihi.
 Binciken Geological da ma'adinai don yin taswirar yanayin saman da ayyukan sa ido.
 Kewayawa abin hawa mai sarrafa kansa da gano cikas.
 Binciken sararin samaniya, kamar yin taswira a saman duniyar Mars.

Aikace-aikacen LiDAR_(1)

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Sanin mu

Albarkatun LiDAR:

An bayar da cikakken jerin tushen bayanan LiDAR da software kyauta a ƙasa. Tushen bayanan LiDAR:
1.Buɗe Topographyhttp://www.opentopography.org
2.USGS Earth Explorerhttp://earthexplorer.usgs.gov
3.Ƙididdigar Ƙwararren Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Amurkahttps://coast.noaa.gov/ inventory/
4.National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)Digital Coasthttps://www.coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#
5.Wikipedia LiDARhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Lidar_Dataset_(United_States)
6.LiDAR Onlinehttp://www.lidar-online.com
7.Cibiyar Kula da Muhalli ta Kasa-NEONhttp://www.neonscience.org/data-resources/get-data/airborne-data
8.Bayanan LiDAR don Arewacin Spainhttp://b5m.gipuzkoa.net/url5000/en/G_22485/PUBLI&consulta=HAZLIDAR
9.Bayanan LiDAR na Burtaniyahttp://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/ list/?return_obj=ob&id=8049, 8042, 8051, 8053

Software na LiDAR Kyauta:

1.Yana buƙatar ENVI. http://bcal.geology.isu.edu/ Envitools.shtml
2.FugroViewer(don LiDAR da sauran bayanan raster/vector) http://www.fugroviewer.com/
3.FUSION/LDV(Hanyoyin bayanan LiDAR, juyawa, da bincike) http://forsys.cfr.washington.edu/fusion/fusionlatest.html
4.LAS Tools(Lambar da software don karantawa da rubuta fayilolin LAS) http://www.cs.unc.edu/~isenburg/lastools/
5.LASUtility(Sai na kayan aikin GUI don gani da jujjuyawar LASfiles) http://home.iitk.ac.in/~blohani/LASUtility/LASUtility.html
6.LibLAS(Laburaren C/C++ don karantawa/rubutun tsarin LAS) http://www.liblas.org/
7.MCC-LiDAR(Kasuwancin curvature masu yawa don LiDAR) http://sourceforge.net/projects/mcclidar/
8.MARS FreeView(Hanyoyin 3D na bayanan LiDAR) http://www.merrick.com/Geospatial/Software-Products/MARS-Software
9.Cikakken Nazari(Bude software na tushe don sarrafawa da hangen nesa na LiDARpoint giza-gizai da tsarin raƙuman ruwa) http://fullanalyze.sourceforge.net/
10.Point Cloud Magic (A set of software tools for LiDAR point cloud visualiza-tion, editing, filtering, 3D building modeling, and statistical analysis in forestry/ vegetation applications. Contact Dr. Cheng Wang at wangcheng@radi.ac.cn)
11.Mai Karatu Mai Sauri(Visualization of LiDAR point girgije) http://appliedimagery.com/download/ Ana iya samun ƙarin kayan aikin software na LiDAR daga Buɗewar Topography ToolRegistry a http://opentopo.sdsc.edu/tools/listTools.

Godiya

  • Wannan labarin ya ƙunshi bincike daga "LiDAR Remote Sensing and Applications" na Vinícius Guimarães, 2020. Ana samun cikakken labarin.nan.
  • Wannan cikakken jeri da cikakken bayanin tushen bayanan LiDAR da software na kyauta yana ba da kayan aiki mai mahimmanci ga ƙwararru da masu bincike a fagen hangen nesa da bincike na yanki.

 

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Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-16-2024