Ainihin ƙa'idar aiki na Laser (Hasken Haske ta Ƙarfafa Fitar da Radiation) ya dogara ne akan abin da ya faru na ƙyalli mai ƙyalli na haske. Ta hanyar jerin madaidaicin ƙira da tsari, lasers suna haifar da katako tare da babban daidaituwa, monochromaticity, da haske. Ana amfani da Laser sosai a cikin fasahar zamani, gami da fannoni kamar sadarwa, magani, masana'anta, aunawa, da binciken kimiyya. Babban ingancinsu da daidaitattun halayen sarrafawa sun sa su zama babban ɓangaren fasaha da yawa. Da ke ƙasa akwai cikakken bayani game da ka'idodin aikin laser da kuma hanyoyin nau'ikan nau'ikan laser.
1. Ƙarfafa Fitowa
Fitar da kuzariita ce ka'ida ta asali a bayan tsarar laser, wanda Einstein ya gabatar da shi na farko a cikin 1917. Wannan sabon abu yana bayyana yadda ake samar da ƙarin ma'auni na photon ta hanyar hulɗar tsakanin haske da abubuwan farin ciki-jihar. Don ƙarin fahimtar fitar da hayaki mai kuzari, bari mu fara da fitar da hayaki nan da nan:
Fitowar Kwatsam: A cikin kwayoyin halitta, kwayoyin halitta, ko wasu ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, electrons na iya ɗaukar makamashi na waje (kamar wutar lantarki ko makamashin gani) da kuma canzawa zuwa matakin makamashi mafi girma, wanda aka sani da yanayin jin dadi. Duk da haka, electrons masu jin daɗi ba su da kwanciyar hankali kuma a ƙarshe za su dawo zuwa ƙaramin makamashi, wanda aka sani da yanayin ƙasa, bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci. Yayin wannan tsari, lantarki yana fitar da photon, wanda ke fitowa ba tare da bata lokaci ba. Irin waɗannan hotunan bazuwar ne ta fuskar mita, lokaci, da alkibla, don haka rashin daidaituwa.
Ƙimar Ƙarfafawa: Makullin da ke haifar da fitar da kuzari shi ne lokacin da lantarki mai cike da zumudi ya ci karo da photon da makamashin da ya yi daidai da makamashin canjinsa, photon na iya sa electron ya koma yanayin kasa yayin da yake fitar da sabon photon. Sabon photon ya yi kama da na asali ta fuskar mita, lokaci, da alkiblar yaduwa, yana haifar da haske mai daidaituwa. Wannan al'amari yana ƙara girman lamba da kuzarin photons kuma shine ginshiƙi na lasers.
Ingantacciyar Tasirin Ra'ayin Maimaituwa na Ƙarfafawa: A cikin ƙira na lasers, ana maimaita tsarin fitar da kuzari da yawa, kuma wannan sakamako mai kyau na iya ƙara yawan adadin photon. Tare da taimakon rami mai resonant, ana kiyaye daidaiton photons, kuma ƙarfin hasken hasken yana ci gaba da ƙaruwa.
2. Samun Matsakaici
Thesami matsakaicishine ainihin abu a cikin Laser wanda ke ƙayyade haɓakar photons da fitarwar laser. Ita ce tushen zahiri don ƙara kuzari, kuma kaddarorin sa sun ƙayyade mita, tsayin raƙuman ruwa, da ƙarfin fitarwa na Laser. Nau'in da halaye na matsakaicin riba yana shafar aikace-aikacen da aikin laser.
Hannun Hannun Hannu: Electrons a cikin matsakaicin riba yana buƙatar yin farin ciki zuwa matakin makamashi mafi girma ta hanyar makamashi na waje. Yawancin lokaci ana samun wannan tsari ta tsarin samar da makamashi na waje. Hanyoyin motsa jiki na gama gari sun haɗa da:
Wutar Lantarki: Abin sha'awa ga electrons a cikin matsakaicin riba ta hanyar amfani da wutar lantarki.
Bututun gani: Mai ban sha'awa matsakaici tare da tushen haske (kamar fitilar walƙiya ko wani laser).
Tsarin Matakan Makamashi: Electrons a cikin matsakaicin riba ana rarraba su a cikin takamaiman matakan makamashi. Mafi yawan su netsarin matakai biyukumatsarin matakai hudu. A cikin tsari mai sauƙi mai matakai biyu, electrons suna canzawa daga yanayin ƙasa zuwa yanayin jin daɗi sannan su koma yanayin ƙasa ta hanyar ƙara kuzari. A cikin tsarin matakai huɗu, electrons suna fuskantar ƙarin rikitarwa tsakanin matakan makamashi daban-daban, galibi suna haifar da inganci mafi girma.
Nau'o'in Watsa Labarai na Riba:
Gas Gain Matsakaici: Misali, helium-neon (He-Ne) Laser. An san kafofin watsa labaru na samun iskar iskar iskar gas don tsayayyen fitarwa da tsayayyen tsayi, kuma ana amfani da su sosai azaman madaidaitan hanyoyin haske a dakunan gwaje-gwaje.
Matsakaicin Riba Riba: Misali, rini Laser. Kwayoyin rini suna da kyawawan kaddarorin tashin hankali a duk tsawon tsayin raƙuman ruwa daban-daban, yana mai da su manufa don na'urorin leza.
Tsakanin Riba Matsakaici: Misali, Nd (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet) lasers. Wadannan lasers suna da inganci da ƙarfi, kuma ana amfani da su sosai a cikin yankan masana'antu, walda, da aikace-aikacen likita.
Semiconductor Gain Matsakaici: Misali, kayan gallium arsenide (GaAs) ana amfani da su sosai wajen sadarwa da na'urorin lantarki irin su diodes laser.
3. Resonator Cavity
Theresonator ramiwani bangare ne na tsari a cikin Laser da ake amfani dashi don amsawa da haɓakawa. Babban aikinsa shine haɓaka adadin photons da aka samar ta hanyar haɓakar fitar da kuzari ta hanyar yin tunani da haɓaka su a cikin rami, don haka samar da kayan aikin laser mai ƙarfi da mai da hankali.
Tsarin Kogon Resonator: Yawancin lokaci yana ƙunshi madubai guda biyu masu daidaitawa. Daya shine cikakken madubi mai haskakawa, wanda aka sani damadubin baya, ɗayan kuma madubi ne da aka fi sani da shimadubin fitarwa. Photons suna nuna baya da baya a cikin rami kuma ana haɓaka su ta hanyar hulɗa tare da matsakaicin riba.
Yanayin Resonance: Zane na resonator rami dole ne ya cika wasu sharudda, kamar tabbatar da cewa photons samar da tsaye taguwar ruwa a cikin rami. Wannan yana buƙatar tsayin rami ya zama nau'in tsayin igiyoyin Laser. Raƙuman haske waɗanda suka dace da waɗannan sharuɗɗan kawai za a iya haɓaka su da kyau a cikin rami.
Fitar da Haske: Madubin da ke nuna juzu'i yana ba da damar wani yanki na ƙararrakin hasken haske ya wuce ta, yana samar da fitilun fitarwa na Laser. Wannan katako yana da babban shugabanci, daidaituwa, da monochromaticity.
Idan kuna son ƙarin koyo ko kuna sha'awar laser, da fatan za ku iya tuntuɓar mu:
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Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-18-2024