Tare da saurin haɓaka fasahar optoelectronic, na'urorin laser na semiconductor sun sami aikace-aikace da yawa a fannoni kamar sadarwa, kayan aikin likita, na'urorin laser, sarrafa masana'antu, da na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani. A cikin wannan fasaha akwai mahadar PN, wacce ke taka muhimmiyar rawa—ba wai kawai a matsayin tushen fitar da haske ba har ma a matsayin tushen aikin na'urar. Wannan labarin yana ba da cikakken bayani game da tsari, ƙa'idodi, da mahimman ayyukan mahadar PN a cikin na'urorin laser na semiconductor.
1. Menene Mahadar PN?
Mahadar PN ita ce mahaɗin da aka samar tsakanin semiconductor na nau'in P da semiconductor na nau'in N:
Ana haɗa semiconductor na nau'in P da ƙazanta masu karɓa, kamar boron (B), wanda hakan ke sa ramuka su zama mafi yawan masu ɗaukar caji.
Na'urar semiconductor ta nau'in N tana ɗauke da ƙazanta masu bayarwa, kamar phosphorus (P), wanda hakan ke sa electrons su zama mafi yawan masu ɗaukar wutar lantarki.
Idan aka haɗa kayan nau'in P da nau'in N, electrons daga yankin N suna yaɗuwa zuwa yankin P, kuma ramuka daga yankin P suna yaɗuwa zuwa yankin N. Wannan yaɗuwa yana haifar da yankin raguwa inda electrons da ramuka ke sake haɗuwa, suna barin ions masu caji waɗanda ke ƙirƙirar filin lantarki na ciki, wanda aka sani da shinge mai yuwuwa da aka gina a ciki.
2. Matsayin Mahadar PN a Lasers
(1) Allurar jigilar kaya
Lokacin da laser ke aiki, mahaɗin PN yana da karkata ga gaba: yankin P yana da alaƙa da ƙarfin lantarki mai kyau, yankin N kuma yana da ƙarfin lantarki mara kyau. Wannan yana soke filin lantarki na ciki, yana ba da damar a saka electrons da ramuka a cikin yankin da ke aiki a mahaɗin, inda za su sake haɗuwa.
(2) Fitar da Haske: Asalin Fitar da Hasken da Aka Ƙaru
A yankin da ke aiki, electrons da ramukan da aka yi wa allura suna sake haɗuwa kuma suna sakin photons. Da farko, wannan tsari yana fitowa ne kwatsam, amma yayin da yawan photon ke ƙaruwa, photons na iya ƙara haɗa electrons da ramuka, suna fitar da ƙarin photons tare da wannan mataki, alkibla, da kuzari—wannan shine haɓakar fitar da iskar.
Wannan tsari shine tushen laser (Ƙara Haske ta hanyar Ƙarfafa Fitar da Haske).
(3) Fitar Laser ta hanyar amfani da Laser don samun riba da kuma fitar da ramuka masu haske
Don ƙara yawan fitar da hayaki mai ƙarfi, na'urorin laser na semiconductor sun haɗa da ramuka masu haske a ɓangarorin biyu na mahaɗin PN. Misali, a cikin na'urorin laser masu fitar da gefuna, ana iya cimma wannan ta amfani da Rarraba Bragg Reflectors (DBRs) ko kuma murfin madubi don nuna haske a baya da gaba. Wannan saitin yana ba da damar ƙara yawan hasken da aka ƙayyade, wanda daga ƙarshe ke haifar da fitowar laser mai daidaituwa da alkibla sosai.
3. Tsarin Mahadar PN da Inganta Tsarin
Dangane da nau'in laser semiconductor, tsarin PN na iya bambanta:
Haɗin kai Guda ɗaya (SH):
Yankin P, yankin N, da yankin aiki an yi su ne da kayan aiki iri ɗaya. Yankin sake haɗawa yana da faɗi kuma ba shi da inganci sosai.
Hulɗar Bambanci Biyu (DH):
An haɗa wani ƙaramin Layer mai aiki tsakanin yankunan P- da N. Wannan yana iyakance masu ɗaukar hoto da kuma photons, wanda hakan ke inganta inganci sosai.
Tsarin Rijiyar Kwatankwaci:
Yana amfani da wani sirara mai aiki don ƙirƙirar tasirin tsarewar kwantum, inganta halayen iyaka da saurin daidaitawa.
An tsara waɗannan gine-gine ne don haɓaka ingancin allurar mai ɗaukar kaya, sake haɗawa, da fitar da haske a yankin mahaɗin PN.
4. Kammalawa
Mahadar PN hakika ita ce "zuciyar" laser mai amfani da na'urar semiconductor. Ikonsa na allurar masu ɗaukar kaya a ƙarƙashin son kai na gaba shine babban abin da ke haifar da samar da laser. Daga ƙirar tsari da zaɓin kayan aiki zuwa sarrafa photon, aikin na'urar laser gaba ɗaya ya ta'allaka ne akan inganta mahadar PN.
Yayin da fasahar optoelectronic ke ci gaba da ci gaba, fahimtar kimiyyar PN junction ba wai kawai tana haɓaka aikin laser ba, har ma tana shimfida tushe mai ƙarfi don haɓaka ƙarni na gaba na lasers masu ƙarfi, masu sauri, da araha.
Lokacin Saƙo: Mayu-28-2025