Tare da saurin haɓaka fasahar optoelectronic, laser semiconductor sun sami aikace-aikacen tartsatsi a fannoni kamar sadarwa, kayan aikin likitanci, kewayon Laser, sarrafa masana'antu, da na'urorin lantarki masu amfani. A cikin tushen wannan fasaha ya ta'allaka ne da haɗin gwiwar PN, wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa - ba wai kawai tushen hasken haske ba har ma a matsayin tushen aikin na'urar. Wannan labarin yana ba da taƙaitaccen bayani game da tsari, ka'idoji, da mahimman ayyuka na haɗin PN a cikin lasers semiconductor.
1. Menene Junction PN?
Junction na PN shine haɗin gwiwar da aka samar tsakanin nau'in semiconductor na nau'in P da nau'in semiconductor na nau'in N:
Semiconductor na nau'in P yana cike da ƙazanta masu karɓa, kamar boron (B), yin ramuka mafi yawan masu ɗaukar kaya.
Semiconductor na nau'in N yana cike da ƙazantattun masu ba da gudummawa, kamar su phosphorus (P), suna sa electrons su zama masu ɗaukar nauyi.
Lokacin da aka haɗa nau'in P-type da N-nau'in, electrons daga N-region suna yaduwa zuwa yankin P, kuma ramukan P-region suna bazuwa zuwa N-region. Wannan yaduwa yana haifar da yanki mai lalacewa inda electrons da ramuka suka sake haɗuwa, yana barin ions masu caji waɗanda ke haifar da filin lantarki na ciki, wanda aka sani da ginannen shinge mai yuwuwa.
2. Matsayin Junction PN a Lasers
(1) Allurar dako
Lokacin da Laser ke aiki, haɗin PN yana gaba gaba: an haɗa P-yankin zuwa ingantaccen ƙarfin lantarki, kuma N-yankin zuwa wutar lantarki mara kyau. Wannan yana soke filin lantarki na ciki, yana barin electrons da ramukan da za a yi musu allura zuwa yankin da ke aiki a mahadar, inda za su iya sake haɗuwa.
(2) Hasken Fitowa: Asalin Ƙarfafa Fitowa
A cikin yanki mai aiki, alluran lantarki da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa da sakin hotuna. Da farko, wannan tsari yana fitowa ne ba tare da bata lokaci ba, amma yayin da ɗimbin photon ke ƙaruwa, photons na iya ƙara haɓaka haɗe-haɗe na electron-rami, yana fitar da ƙarin photon tare da lokaci iri ɗaya, alkibla, da kuzari-wannan yana ƙara fitar da iska.
Wannan tsari yana samar da harsashin Laser (Hasken Haske ta Ƙarfafawa na Radiation).
(3) Sami da Resonant Cavities Form Laser Fitar
Don haɓaka fitar da kuzari, na'urorin laser na semiconductor sun haɗa da ramummuka masu resonant a ɓangarorin PN biyu. A cikin na'urori masu fitar da baki, alal misali, ana iya samun wannan ta amfani da Rarraba Bragg Reflectors (DBRs) ko murfin madubi don nuna haske baya da gaba. Wannan saitin yana ba da damar ƙayyadaddun raƙuman haske na ƙayyadaddun haske don haɓakawa, a ƙarshe yana haifar da daidaituwa sosai da fitarwar laser na jagora.
3. Tsarin Junction na PN da Inganta Tsara
Dangane da nau'in laser semiconductor, tsarin PN na iya bambanta:
Single Heterojunction (SH):
Yankin P-region, N-region, da yanki mai aiki an yi su ne da abu iri ɗaya. Yankin sake haɗawa yana da faɗi kuma ƙasa da inganci.
Haɗin Haɓakawa Biyu (DH):
kunkuntar bandgap mai aiki yana yin sandwiched tsakanin yankunan P- da N. Wannan yana iyakance duka masu ɗaukar hoto da masu ɗaukar hoto, yana haɓaka inganci sosai.
Tsarin Rijiyar Quantum:
Yana amfani da Layer mai aiki mai ƙwanƙwasa don ƙirƙirar tasirin tsare adadi, haɓaka halayen kofa da saurin daidaitawa.
An tsara waɗannan sifofin duk don haɓaka ingantaccen alluran jigilar jigilar kaya, sake haɗawa, da fitar da haske a yankin haɗin gwiwar PN.
4. Kammalawa
Junction na PN da gaske shine "zuciya" na laser semiconductor. Ƙarfinsa na allurar dillalai a ƙarƙashin son zuciya na gaba shine ainihin abin da ke haifar da haɓakar laser. Daga tsarin tsari da zaɓin kayan aiki zuwa sarrafa hoton, aikin na'urar laser gabaɗaya ta ta'allaka ne akan inganta haɗin PN.
Kamar yadda fasahar optoelectronic ke ci gaba da ci gaba, zurfin fahimtar PN junction kimiyyar lissafi ba kawai yana haɓaka aikin laser ba har ma yana kafa tushe mai ƙarfi don haɓaka ƙarni na gaba na manyan ƙarfin lantarki, saurin sauri, da ƙarancin tsadar laser semiconductor.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-28-2025