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Wannan jerin yana nufin samar wa masu karatu zurfin fahimta da ci gaba na tsarin Time of Flight (TOF). Abubuwan da ke ciki sun ƙunshi cikakken bayyani na tsarin TOF, gami da cikakkun bayanai na TOF na kai tsaye (iTOF) da TOF kai tsaye (dTOF). Waɗannan sassan suna zurfafa cikin sigogin tsarin, fa'idodinsu da rashin amfanin su, da algorithms iri-iri. Labarin ya kuma bincika sassa daban-daban na tsarin TOF, irin su Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs), watsawa da ruwan tabarau na liyafar, karɓar na'urori masu auna firikwensin kamar CIS, APD, SPAD, SiPM, da na'urorin direba kamar ASICs.
Gabatarwa zuwa TOF(Lokacin Jirgin)
Ka'idoji na asali
TOF, yana tsaye don Lokacin Jirgin, hanya ce da ake amfani da ita don auna nisa ta hanyar ƙididdige lokacin da haske ke ɗaukar wani tazara mai nisa a matsakaici. Ana amfani da wannan ƙa'idar da farko a cikin yanayin yanayin TOF na gani kuma yana da sauƙi. Tsarin ya ƙunshi tushen haske yana fitar da hasken haske, tare da rubuta lokacin fitar da hayaki. Wannan hasken yana haskaka maƙasudi, mai karɓa ya kama shi, kuma ana lura da lokacin liyafar. Bambanci a cikin waɗannan lokuta, wanda aka nuna a matsayin t, yana ƙayyade nisa (d = gudun haske (c) × t / 2).
Nau'in firikwensin ToF
Akwai manyan nau'ikan firikwensin ToF guda biyu: na gani da na lantarki. Na'urori masu auna firikwensin ToF, waɗanda suka fi kowa yawa, suna amfani da bugun haske, yawanci a cikin kewayon infrared, don auna nisa. Wadannan bugun jini suna fitowa daga firikwensin, suna nuna wani abu, sannan su koma cikin firikwensin, inda ake auna lokacin tafiya kuma ana amfani da su don ƙididdige nisa. Sabanin haka, firikwensin ToF na lantarki suna amfani da igiyoyin lantarki, kamar radar ko lidar, don auna nisa. Suna aiki akan ka'ida iri ɗaya amma suna amfani da matsakaici daban donma'aunin nesa.
Aikace-aikace na ToF Sensors
Na'urori masu auna firikwensin ToF suna da yawa kuma an haɗa su cikin fannoni daban-daban:
Robotics:Ana amfani dashi don gano cikas da kewayawa. Misali, mutummutumi kamar Roomba da Boston Dynamics' Atlas suna amfani da kyamarori masu zurfi na ToF don yin taswirar kewayensu da tsara motsi.
Tsarin Tsaro:Na kowa a cikin firikwensin motsi don gano masu kutse, kunna ƙararrawa, ko kunna tsarin kamara.
Masana'antar Motoci:Haɗe a cikin tsarin taimakon direba don daidaita yanayin tafiyar ruwa da gujewa karo, ƙara zama ruwan dare a cikin sabbin samfuran abin hawa.
Filin Kiwon Lafiya: An yi aiki da shi a cikin hoto mara lalacewa da bincike, irin su na'urar haɗe-haɗe na gani (OCT), samar da manyan hotuna na nama.
Kayan Wutar Lantarki na Masu Amfani: Haɗe cikin wayoyin hannu, allunan, da kwamfyutocin kwamfyutoci don fasalulluka kamar tantance fuska, tantancewar kwayoyin halitta, da ganewar karimci.
Jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu:Ana amfani da shi don kewayawa, guje wa karo, da kuma magance matsalolin sirri da na jirgin sama
Tsarin Gine-gine na TOF
Tsarin TOF na yau da kullun ya ƙunshi maɓalli da yawa don cimma ma'aunin nesa kamar yadda aka bayyana:
· Mai watsawa (Tx):Wannan ya haɗa da tushen hasken Laser, galibi aVCSEL, ASIC direban da'ira don fitar da Laser, da kayan aikin gani don sarrafa katako kamar ruwan tabarau masu haɗaka ko abubuwan gani na gani, da masu tacewa.
· Mai karɓa (Rx):Wannan ya ƙunshi ruwan tabarau da masu tacewa a ƙarshen karɓa, na'urori masu auna firikwensin kamar CIS, SPAD, ko SiPM dangane da tsarin TOF, da Mai sarrafa Siginar Hoto (ISP) don sarrafa bayanai masu yawa daga guntu mai karɓa.
·Gudanar da Wuta:Gudanar da bargasarrafawa na yanzu don VCSELs da babban ƙarfin lantarki don SPADs yana da mahimmanci, yana buƙatar sarrafa ƙarfi mai ƙarfi.
· Layer Software:Wannan ya haɗa da firmware, SDK, OS, da Layer aikace-aikace.
Gine-ginen yana nuna yadda katakon Laser, wanda ya samo asali daga VCSEL kuma an gyara shi ta hanyar kayan aikin gani, yana tafiya cikin sararin samaniya, yana nuna wani abu, kuma ya koma ga mai karɓa. Ƙididdigar ƙarshen lokaci a cikin wannan tsari yana nuna nisa ko zurfin bayani. Duk da haka, wannan gine-ginen ba ya rufe hanyoyin amo, kamar surutun hasken rana ko hayaniyar hanyoyi da yawa daga tunani, waɗanda aka tattauna daga baya a cikin jerin.
Rarraba Tsarin TOF
Tsarin TOF da farko an rarraba su ta hanyar dabarun auna nisa: kai tsaye TOF (dTOF) da TOF kai tsaye (iTOF), kowannensu yana da takamaiman kayan aiki da hanyoyin algorithmic. Jerin da farko yana zayyana ƙa'idodin su kafin zurfafa cikin nazarin kwatancen fa'idodin su, ƙalubalen su, da sigogin tsarin.
Duk da alama mai sauƙi na TOF - ƙaddamar da bugun jini mai haske da gano dawowarta don ƙididdige nisa - rikitarwa ya ta'allaka ne a bambanta hasken dawowa daga hasken yanayi. Ana magance wannan ta hanyar fitar da isasshe haske mai haske don cimma babban rabon sigina-zuwa amo da zabar madaidaicin raƙuman ruwa don rage tsangwama ga hasken muhalli. Wata hanya kuma ita ce ta ɓoye hasken da ke fitowa don sanya shi a iya bambanta shi idan ya dawo, kama da siginar SOS tare da walƙiya.
Jerin ya ci gaba don kwatanta dTOF da iTOF, suna tattauna bambance-bambancen su, fa'idodi, da ƙalubalen dalla-dalla, kuma suna ƙara rarraba tsarin TOF dangane da rikitaccen bayanan da suke bayarwa, daga 1D TOF zuwa 3D TOF.
dTOF
Kai tsaye TOF yana auna lokacin jirgin na photon. Babban abin da ke cikin sa, Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD), yana da hankali isa ya gano photon guda ɗaya. dTOF na amfani da Time Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC) don auna lokacin masu isowa photon, yana gina tarihin don zame mafi kusantar nisa dangane da mafi girman mitar wani takamaiman lokaci.
iTOF
TOF kai tsaye yana ƙididdige lokacin tashi bisa bambance-bambancen lokaci tsakanin fiddawa da karɓar siginar igiyoyin ruwa, yawanci ta amfani da siginar motsi ko bugun jini. iTOF na iya amfani da daidaitattun gine-ginen firikwensin hoto, yana auna ƙarfin haske akan lokaci.
An ƙara rarraba iTOF zuwa ci gaba da daidaita yanayin motsi (CW-iTOF) da daidaitawar bugun jini (Pulsed-iTOF). CW-iTOF yana auna canjin lokaci tsakanin fitattun raƙuman ruwa da kuma karɓar raƙuman ruwa na sinusoidal, yayin da Pulsed-iTOF ke ƙididdige canjin lokaci ta amfani da siginonin raƙuman murabba'in.
Karin Karatu:
- Wikipedia. (nd). Lokacin tashi. An dawo dagahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_of_flight
- Abubuwan da aka bayar na Sony Semiconductor Solutions Group. (nd). ToF (Lokacin Jirgin) | Fasaha na gama gari na na'urori masu auna hoto. An dawo dagahttps://www.sony-semicon.com/en/technologies/tof
- Microsoft. (2021, Fabrairu 4). Gabatarwa zuwa Lokacin Jirgin Jirgin Microsoft (ToF) - Tsarin Zurfin Azure. An dawo dagahttps://devblogs.microsoft.com/azure-depth-platform/intro-to-microsoft-time-of-flight-tof
- ESCATEC. (2023, Maris 2). Lokacin Jirgin sama (TOF) firikwensin: Bayani mai zurfi da aikace-aikace. An dawo dagahttps://www.escatec.com/news/time-of-flight-tof-sensors-an-in-depth-overview-and-applications
Daga shafin yanar gizonhttps://faster-than-light.net/TOFSystem_C1/
Mawallafin: Chao Guang
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Lokacin aikawa: Dec-18-2023