Laser rangefinders sun zama kayan aiki masu mahimmanci a fagage daga wasanni da gini zuwa binciken soja da kimiyya. Waɗannan na'urori suna auna nisa tare da madaidaicin madaidaicin ta hanyar fitar da bugun bugun laser da nazarin tunaninsu. Don jin daɗin yadda suke aiki, yana da mahimmanci a rushe ainihin abubuwan da suke aiki. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu bincika mahimman sassa na kewayon Laser da kuma matsayinsu wajen isar da ingantattun ma'auni.
1. Laser Diode (Emitter)
A zuciyar kowane nau'in kewayon Laser shine diode laser, wanda ke haifar da madaidaicin hasken da ake amfani da shi don aunawa. Yawanci yana aiki a cikin bakan infrared na kusa (misali, 905 nm ko 1550 nm tsayin raƙuman raƙuman ruwa), diode yana fitar da gajeren haske, mai da hankali. Zaɓin tsayin raƙuman ruwa yana daidaita aminci (don kare idanun ɗan adam) da aiki a cikin yanayin yanayi daban-daban. Diodes masu inganci suna tabbatar da daidaiton ƙarfin katako, mai mahimmanci don daidaito mai tsayi.
2. Tsarin Lens na gani
Tsarin ruwan tabarau na gani yana aiki da ayyuka na farko guda biyu:
- Haɗin kai: Laser ɗin da aka fitar yana ƙunshe kuma an daidaita shi zuwa layin layi ɗaya don rage tarwatsawa akan nisa.
- Mayar da hankali: Don dawo da haske mai haske, ruwan tabarau suna maida hankalin tarwatsewar photon akan na'urar ganowa.
Na'urori masu tasowa na ci gaba na iya haɗawa da ruwan tabarau masu daidaitacce ko ƙarfin zuƙowa don dacewa da girman manufa ko nisa daban-daban.
3. Mai daukar hoto (Receiver)
Mai gano hoto - sau da yawa wani avalanche photodiode (APD) ko PIN diode - yana ɗaukar filayen laser da aka nuna. An fi son APDs don aikace-aikacen dogon zango saboda girman hankalinsu da iyawar haɓaka sigina masu rauni. Don tace hasken yanayi (misali, hasken rana), ana haɗa matatun bandpass na gani a cikin mai karɓar, yana tabbatar da takamaiman tsayin igiyoyin Laser kawai.
4. Lokacin Jirgin (ToF).
Da'irar lokacin-tashi ita ce kwakwalwar da ke bayan lissafin nesa. Yana auna jinkirin lokacin tsakanin bugun bugun jini da aka gano. Tunda haske yana tafiya a sanannen gudun (~ 3×10⁸ m/s), ana ƙididdige nisa ta amfani da dabara:
Matsakaicin maɗaukakiyar ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙidayar (tare da ƙuduri a cikin picoseconds) suna da mahimmanci don daidaitaccen matakin-milimita, musamman a aikace-aikacen gajere.
5. Sashin sarrafa sigina
Raw bayanai daga photodetector ana sarrafa su ta microcontroller ko dijital siginar processor (DSP). Wannan rukunin yana tace hayaniya, yana rama abubuwan muhalli (misali, attenuation na yanayi), kuma yana canza ma'aunin lokaci zuwa karatun nesa. Algorithms na ci gaba kuma na iya ɗaukar sautin ƙararrawa da yawa (misali, yin watsi da ganye lokacin da aka yi niyya ga gangar jikin itace).
6. Nuni da Mai amfani Interface
Yawancin masu gano kewayon suna da nunin LCD ko OLED don nuna ma'auni, galibi ana haɓaka su da halaye kamar daidaita gangara, ci gaba da dubawa, ko haɗin Bluetooth don shiga bayanai. Abubuwan shigar da mai amfani-maɓallai, allon taɓawa, ko bugun kirar juyawa-ba da damar keɓancewa don takamaiman lokuta masu amfani, kamar wasan golf, farauta, ko bincike.
7. Samar da Wutar Lantarki
Karamin baturi mai caji (misali, Li-ion) ko sel da za'a iya zubar da su suna kunna na'urar. Ingancin makamashi yana da mahimmanci, musamman ga samfuran hannu da ake amfani da su a saitunan waje. Wasu masu gano kewayon sun haɗa hanyoyin ceton wuta don tsawaita rayuwar baturi yayin rashin aiki.
8. Gidaje da Tsare-tsare
An tsara gidan don karko da ergonomics, sau da yawa yana nuna abubuwan da ba su da ruwa ko girgizawa (ƙididdigar IP). Don haɗawa tare da wasu kayan aiki (misali, kyamarori, bindigogi, ko jirage marasa matuƙa), za a iya haɗa zaɓuɓɓukan ɗagawa kamar sockets tripod ko Picatinny dogo.
Yadda Duk Aiki Tare
1. Laser diode yana fitar da bugun bugun jini zuwa ga manufa.
2. Tsarin gani yana jagorantar katako kuma yana tattara tunani.
3. Mai daukar hoto yana ɗaukar siginar dawowa, an tace shi daga hayaniyar yanayi.
4. Na'urar kewayawa ta ToF tana lissafin lokacin da ya wuce.
5. Mai sarrafawa yana canza lokaci zuwa nisa kuma yana nuna sakamakon.
Kammalawa
Daga madaidaicin diode na Laser ɗin sa zuwa ga haɓakar algorithms ɗin sarrafa shi, kowane ɓangaren na'ura mai sarrafa Laser yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da daidaito da aminci. Ko kai dan wasan golf ne da ke yin hukunci a kan putt ko injiniyan taswirar ƙasa, fahimtar waɗannan abubuwan yana taimakawa wajen zaɓar kayan aikin da ya dace don buƙatun ku.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris 18-2025