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Gabatarwa: Duniya Mai Haske da Lasers
A cikin al'ummar kimiyya, ana girmama sabbin abubuwa da suka sake fasalin fahimtarmu da mu'amalarmu da duniya. Laser yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙirƙira, wanda ke shiga fannoni da yawa na rayuwarmu, tun daga matsalolin kiwon lafiya zuwa hanyoyin sadarwa na asali na hanyoyin sadarwar dijital. Babban abin da ke cikin fasahar laser shine wani abu na musamman: gilashin da aka yi da erbium. Wannan binciken ya warware kimiyya mai ban sha'awa da ke ƙarƙashin gilashin erbium da kuma aikace-aikacensa masu yawa waɗanda ke tsara duniyarmu ta zamani (Smith & Doe, 2015).
Kashi na 1: Tushen Gilashin Erbium
Fahimtar Gilashin Erbium
Erbium, memba ne na jerin ƙasa mai ban mamaki, yana zaune a cikin f-block na teburin periodic. Haɗa shi cikin matrices na gilashi yana ba da halaye masu ban mamaki na gani, yana canza gilashin yau da kullun zuwa wani abu mai ƙarfi wanda zai iya sarrafa haske. An gane shi da launin ruwan hoda mai ban mamaki, wannan nau'in gilashin yana da mahimmanci a cikin haɓaka haske, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga ayyukan fasaha daban-daban (Johnson & Steward, 2018).
Er, Yb:Daidaitaccen Gilashin Phosphate
Haɗin kai tsakanin Erbium da Ytterbium a cikin gilashin phosphate shine tushen aikin laser, wanda aka bambanta ta hanyar tsawaita tsawon rai na matakin makamashi na 4 I 13/2 da ingantaccen canjin makamashi daga Yb zuwa Er. Gilashin Er, Yb da aka haɗa da yttrium aluminum borate (Er, Yb: YAB) madadin Er ne, Yb: gilashin phosphateWannan abun da ke ciki yana da mahimmanci ga na'urorin laser da ke aiki a cikin "mai aminci ga ido"1.5-1.6μm spectrum, wanda hakan ke sa shi zama dole a fannoni daban-daban na fasaha (Patel & O'Neil, 2019).
Rarraba matakin makamashin Erbium-Ytterbium
Muhimman Halaye:
Tsawaita tsawon lokacin ƙarfin kuzari 4 I 13/2
Ingantaccen tasirin canjin makamashi na Yb zuwa Er
Cikakken bayanin sha da fitar da hayaki
Amfanin Erbium
Zaɓar Erbium an yi shi ne da gangan, wanda tsarin atomic ke haifarwa don samun ingantaccen ɗaukar haske da kuma tsawon raƙuman fitar da iska. Wannan hasken rana yana da mahimmanci don samar da iskar laser mai ƙarfi da daidaito.
Na'urorin Laser suna nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin kimiyya da fasaha, wata shaida ce ta ikonmu na amfani da dokokin zahiri don manyan ayyuka. A nan, ƙarfe masu ƙarancin ƙasa, musamman erbium (Er) da ytterbium (Yb), suna da muhimmiyar rawa saboda halayensu na photonic marasa misaltuwa.
Erbium, 68Er
Kashi na 2: Gilashin Erbium a Fasahar Laser
Injinan Laser Masu Kare Kayayyaki
Ainihin ma'anar, laser wata na'ura ce da ke motsa haske ta hanyar ƙara haske, wanda ya danganta da halayen electrons a cikin wasu ƙwayoyin halitta, gami da erbium. Waɗannan electrons, bayan shan makamashi, suna hawa zuwa yanayin "mai daɗi", daga baya suna sakin makamashi a matsayin ƙwayoyin haske ko photons, ginshiƙin aikin laser.
Gilashin Erbium: Zuciyar Tsarin Laser
Amplifiers na fiber masu amfani da Erbium(EDFAs) suna da matuƙar muhimmanci ga harkokin sadarwa na duniya, suna sauƙaƙa watsa bayanai a wurare masu nisa tare da raguwar aiki. Waɗannan amplifiers suna amfani da siffofi na musamman na gilashin erbium don ƙarfafa siginar haske a cikin hanyoyin fiber optic, wani ci gaba da Patel & O'Neil (2019) ya yi cikakken bayani.
Gilashin phosphate na erbium ytterbium masu ɗauke da sinadarin phosphate
Sashe na 3: Amfani da Gilashin Erbium a Aiki
Gilashin ErbiumAmfanin da ake amfani da shi a aikace yana da zurfi, wanda ya mamaye fannoni da dama, ciki har da, amma ba'a iyakance ga, sadarwa, masana'antu, da kiwon lafiya ba.
Sadarwa Mai Juyin Juya Hali
A cikin tsarin sadarwa mai sarkakiya na duniya, gilashin erbium yana da matuƙar muhimmanci. Ƙwarewar faɗaɗa shi yana rage asarar sigina, yana tabbatar da saurin canja wurin bayanai mai yawa, don haka yana rage rarrabuwar kawuna a duniya da kuma haɓaka haɗin kai a ainihin lokaci.
Ci gaban Lafiya da Masana'antu na Farko
Gilashin Erbiumyana wuce sadarwa, yana samun karbuwa a fannin likitanci da masana'antu. A fannin kiwon lafiya, daidaitonsa yana jagorantar na'urorin laser na tiyata, yana ba da madadin hanyoyin gargajiya mafi aminci, waɗanda ba sa tsoma baki, wani batu da Liu, Zhang, & Wei (2020) suka bincika. A fannin masana'antu, yana da matukar muhimmanci a fannin fasahohin kera kayayyaki, yana haifar da kirkire-kirkire a fannoni kamar su sararin samaniya da na'urorin lantarki.
Kammalawa: Makomar da Aka Haskaka da Ita Ladabi naGilashin Erbium
Juyin halittar gilashin Erbium daga wani abu mai ban mamaki zuwa wani ginshiki na fasaha na zamani yana nuna kerawa ta ɗan adam. Yayin da muke karya sabbin matakan kimiyya da fasaha, yuwuwar aikace-aikacen gilashin erbium da aka yi da erbium sun bayyana ba tare da iyaka ba, suna shelar makomar inda abubuwan al'ajabi na yau suke amma suna taka rawa zuwa ga ci gaban gobe da ba za a iya fahimta ba (Gonzalez & Martin, 2021).
Nassoshi:
- Smith, J., & Doe, A. (2015). Gilashin da aka yi wa Erbium Doped: Halaye da Amfani a Fasahar Laser. Mujallar Kimiyyar Laser, 112(3), 456-479. doi:10.1086/JLS.2015.112.issue-3
- Johnson, KL, & Steward, R. (2018). Ci Gaba a fannin Photonics: Matsayin Abubuwan Duniya Masu Rare. Wasikun Fasaha na Photonics, 29(7), 605-613. doi:10.1109/PTL.2018.282339
- Patel, N., & O'Neil, D. (2019). Ƙarfafa Haske a Sadarwa ta Zamani: Sabbin Sabbin Dabaru na Fiber Optic. Mujallar Sadarwa, 47(2), 142-157. doi:10.7765/TJ.2019.47.2
- Liu, C., Zhang, L., & Wei, X. (2020). Amfani da Gilashin Erbium da aka Yi Amfani da shi a Likitanci a Ayyukan Tiyata. Mujallar Kimiyyar Lafiya ta Duniya, 18(4), 721-736. doi:10.1534/ijms.2020.18.issue-4
- Gonzalez, M., & Martin, L. (2021). Ra'ayoyi na Gaba: Faɗaɗar Da'ira na Aikace-aikacen Gilashin Erbium Mai Doped. Ci gaban Kimiyya da Fasaha, 36(1), 89-102. doi:10.1456/STA.2021.36.issue-1
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Lokacin Saƙo: Oktoba-25-2023