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A ainihinsa, yin famfo Laser shine tsarin ƙarfafa matsakaici don cimma yanayin da zai iya fitar da hasken laser. Ana yin wannan yawanci ta hanyar allurar haske ko wutar lantarki a cikin matsakaici, mai ban sha'awa da zarra kuma yana haifar da fitowar haske mai daidaituwa. Wannan tsari na tushe ya samo asali sosai tun bayan zuwan lasers na farko a tsakiyar karni na 20.
Duk da yake sau da yawa ke yin su ta hanyar ƙididdige ƙima, yin famfo Laser shine ainihin tsari na inji. Ya ƙunshi ƙaƙƙarfan mu'amala tsakanin photons da tsarin atomic ko kwayoyin halitta na matsakaicin riba. Na'urori masu tasowa suna la'akari da abubuwan mamaki kamar Rabi oscillations, waɗanda ke ba da ƙarin fahimtar waɗannan hulɗar.
Laser yin famfo wani tsari ne inda ake samar da makamashi, yawanci a cikin nau'in haske ko lantarki, zuwa matsakaicin riba na Laser don ɗaukaka atom ko kwayoyin halittarsa zuwa mafi girman jihohin makamashi. Wannan canjin makamashi yana da mahimmanci don samun jujjuyawar yawan jama'a, jihar da ƙarin barbashi ke jin daɗi fiye da yanayin ƙarancin kuzari, yana bawa matsakaici damar haɓaka haske ta hanyar haɓakar iska. Tsarin yana ƙunshe da ƙayyadaddun mu'amalar ƙididdigewa, galibi ana ƙira su ta hanyar ma'auni na ƙididdigewa ko ƙarin ci-gaban tsarin injin ƙididdigewa. Maɓalli masu mahimmanci sun haɗa da zaɓin tushen famfo (kamar diodes na laser ko fitilun fitarwa), ginshiƙan famfo (gefe ko ƙarshen yin famfo), da haɓaka halayen hasken famfo (bakan, ƙarfi, ingancin katako, polarization) don dacewa da takamaiman buƙatun sami matsakaici. Laser famfo ne muhimmi a daban-daban Laser iri, ciki har da m-jihar, semiconductor, da gas Laser, kuma yana da muhimmanci ga Laser ta m da tasiri aiki.
Iri-iri na Laser Na gani da aka zazzage
1. Laser-State Lasers tare da Doped Insulators
· Bayani:Waɗannan lasers suna amfani da matsakaicin mai ɗaukar hoto na lantarki kuma suna dogara da famfo na gani don ƙarfafa ions masu aiki da Laser. Misali na kowa shine neodymium a cikin lasers YAG.
·Bincike na Kwanan nan:Nazarin A. Antipov et al. yayi magana akan m-jihar kusa-IR Laser don juyi-musanya famfo na gani. Wannan binciken yana ba da haske game da ci gaba a cikin fasahar Laser mai ƙarfi, musamman a cikin bakan infrared na kusa, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikace kamar hoto na likita da sadarwa.
Kara karantawa:Ƙaƙƙarfan Jiha Kusa-IR Laser don Canjin-Musanya Pumping
2. Semiconductor Laser
·Gabaɗaya Bayani: Yawanci famfo ta lantarki, semiconductor lasers kuma na iya amfana daga yin famfo na gani, musamman a aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haske mai girma, kamar Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VECSELs).
·Abubuwan Ci gaba na Kwanan nan: Ayyukan U. Keller akan combs na mitar gani daga ultrafast m-state da semiconductor Laser yana ba da haske a cikin ƙarni na barga mitar combs daga diode-pumped m-state da semiconductor Laser. Wannan ci gaban yana da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikace a cikin yanayin mita na gani.
Kara karantawa:Tambayoyin mitar gani daga ultrafast m-state da semiconductor lasers
3. Gas Laser
·Pumping Optical in Gas Lasers: Wasu nau'ikan Laser gas, kamar alkali tururi lasers, suna amfani da famfo na gani. Ana amfani da waɗannan lasers sau da yawa a aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar madaidaicin tushen haske tare da takamaiman kaddarorin.
Tushen Tufafin gani
Fitilolin fitarwa: Na kowa a cikin fitilun da aka yi amfani da su, ana amfani da fitilun fitilun don babban ƙarfinsu da kuma faɗin bakan. YA Mandryko et al. ɓullo da wani iko model na turu baka baka fitarwa tsara a cikin aiki kafofin watsa labarai na gani famfo xenon fitilu na m-jihar Laser. Wannan samfurin yana taimakawa haɓaka aikin fitilun famfo, mai mahimmanci don ingantaccen aikin laser.
Laser Diodes:An yi amfani da shi a cikin na'urorin da aka yi amfani da diode, diodes na laser suna ba da fa'idodi kamar babban inganci, ƙaramin girman girman, da ikon daidaitawa.
Ci gaba da karatu:menene laser diode?
Fitilolin FilashiFitilolin walƙiya suna da ƙarfi, manyan hanyoyin haske masu faɗi waɗanda galibi ana amfani da su don fitar da ingantattun lasers, irin su ruby ko Nd: YAG Laser. Suna samar da haske mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi wanda ke motsa matsakaicin laser.
Arc Lamps: Mai kama da fitilun fitilu amma an tsara su don ci gaba da aiki, fitilun arc suna ba da tsayayyen tushen haske mai ƙarfi. Ana amfani da su a aikace-aikace inda ake buƙatar aikin laser mai ci gaba (CW).
LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes): Duk da yake ba kowa ba ne kamar diodes na laser, ana iya amfani da LEDs don yin famfo na gani a wasu aikace-aikacen ƙananan ƙarfi. Suna da fa'ida saboda tsayin rayuwarsu, ƙarancin farashi, da samuwa a cikin tsayin raƙuman ruwa daban-daban.
Hasken rana: A wasu saitin gwaji, an yi amfani da hasken rana da aka tattara a matsayin tushen famfo don lasar da aka yi amfani da hasken rana. Wannan hanya tana amfani da makamashin hasken rana, yana mai da ita tushen sabuntawa kuma mai tsada, kodayake ba ta da ƙarfi kuma ba ta da ƙarfi idan aka kwatanta da tushen hasken wucin gadi.
Fiber-Coupled Laser Diodes: Waɗannan su ne diodes Laser guda biyu zuwa na gani zaruruwa, wanda isar da famfo haske da nagarta sosai ga Laser matsakaici. Wannan hanya tana da amfani musamman a cikin Laser fiber da kuma a cikin yanayi inda ainihin isar da hasken famfo yana da mahimmanci.
Sauran Laser: Wani lokaci, ana amfani da Laser ɗaya don yin famfo wani. Misali, ana iya amfani da Nd: YAG Laser mai ninki biyu don yin famfo Laser mai rini. Ana amfani da wannan hanya sau da yawa lokacin da ake buƙatar takamaiman tsayin raƙuman ruwa don aikin yin famfo wanda ba a samun sauƙin samu tare da hanyoyin haske na al'ada.
Diode-pumped m-jihar Laser
Tushen Makamashi na Farko: Tsarin yana farawa da laser diode, wanda ke aiki azaman tushen famfo. An zaɓi lasers diode don dacewarsu, ƙaƙƙarfan girmansu, da ikon fitar da haske a takamaiman tsayin raƙuman ruwa.
Hasken Ruwa:Laser diode yana fitar da haske wanda matsakaicin riba mai ƙarfi ke ɗauka. An keɓanta tsawon zangon laser diode don dacewa da halayen sha na matsakaicin riba.
Jiha mai ƙarfiSamun Matsakaici
Abu:Matsakaicin riba a cikin lasers na DPSS yawanci abu ne mai ƙarfi kamar Nd: YAG (Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet), Nd: YVO4 (Neodymium-doped Yttrium Orthovanadate), ko Yb: YAG (Ytterbium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet).
Doping:Wadannan kayan ana yin su ne da ions na duniya da ba kasafai ba (kamar Nd ko Yb), wadanda su ne ion Laser mai aiki.
Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafawa da Ƙarfafawa:Lokacin da hasken famfo daga Laser diode ya shiga matsakaicin riba, ions na duniya da ba kasafai suke sha wannan makamashi ba kuma su yi farin ciki zuwa mafi girman jihohin makamashi.
Juyin Jama'a
Samun Juyar da Jama'a:Makullin aikin Laser shine samun jujjuyawar jama'a a cikin matsakaicin riba. Wannan yana nufin cewa yawancin ions suna cikin yanayi mai daɗi fiye da yanayin ƙasa.
Fitar da Ƙarfafawa:Da zarar an samu juyayin yawan jama'a, gabatar da photon wanda ya yi daidai da bambancin makamashi tsakanin jihohi masu sha'awa da na ƙasa na iya motsa ions masu sha'awar komawa cikin ƙasa, suna fitar da photon a cikin tsari.
Resonator na gani
Madubai: Ana sanya matsakaicin riba a cikin na'urar resonator na gani, yawanci ta hanyar madubai biyu a kowane ƙarshen matsakaici.
Sake mayarwa da Ƙarawa: Ɗaya daga cikin madubin yana da kyau sosai, ɗayan kuma yana nuna wani bangare. Photons suna billa gaba da gaba tsakanin waɗannan madubai, suna ƙara ƙarar hayaki da ƙara haske.
Fitar Laser
Hasken Haɗe-haɗe: Photons ɗin da ake fitarwa suna da daidaituwa, ma'ana suna cikin lokaci kuma suna da tsayi iri ɗaya.
Fitowa: Mudubin da ke nuna juzu'i yana ba da damar wasu daga cikin wannan hasken su ratsa ta, suna samar da katakon Laser wanda ke fita daga Laser DPSS.
Fasa Geometries: Side vs. Ƙarshen famfo
| Hanyar yin famfo | Bayani | Aikace-aikace | Amfani | Kalubale |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Juyawar gefe | Hasken famfo ya gabatar da kai tsaye zuwa matsakaicin Laser | Laser sanda ko fiber | Rarraba iri ɗaya na hasken famfo, dace da aikace-aikacen ƙarfi mai ƙarfi | Rarraba riba mara daidaituwa, ƙarancin ingancin katako |
| Ƙarshen Pumping | Hasken famfo yana jagora tare da axis iri ɗaya da katakon Laser | Laser masu ƙarfi kamar Nd: YAG | Rarraba ribar Uniform, mafi girman ingancin katako | Haɗaɗɗen daidaitawa, ƙarancin ɓarkewar zafi a cikin manyan lasers masu ƙarfi |
Abubuwan bukatu don ingantaccen Hasken famfo
| Bukatu | Muhimmanci | Tasiri/Ma'auni | Ƙarin Bayanan kula |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dacewar Spectrum | Dole ne tsayin tsayin igiyar ruwa ya dace da bakan sha na matsakaicin Laser | Yana tabbatar da ingantaccen sha da juyar da jama'a mai tasiri | - |
| Ƙarfi | Dole ne ya zama babba don matakin tashin hankali da ake so | Ƙarfin ƙarfi mai yawa na iya haifar da lalacewar thermal; ƙananan ba zai kai ga juyar da jama'a ba | - |
| Ƙwararren Ƙwaƙwalwa | Musamman mahimmanci a cikin lasers na ƙarshe | Yana tabbatar da ingantacciyar haɗin gwiwa kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga ingancin katako na Laser da aka fitar | Babban ingancin katako yana da mahimmanci don daidaita daidaitaccen hasken famfo da ƙarar yanayin Laser |
| Polarization | Da ake buƙata don kafofin watsa labaru tare da kaddarorin anisotropic | Yana haɓaka haɓakar haɓakawa kuma yana iya rinjayar polarization hasken Laser da aka fitar | Ƙimar ƙayyadaddun yanayin polarization na iya zama dole |
| Ƙarfin Hayaniyar | Ƙananan matakan amo suna da mahimmanci | Canje-canje a cikin ƙarfin hasken famfo na iya rinjayar ingancin fitarwa na laser da kwanciyar hankali | Mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar babban kwanciyar hankali da daidaito |
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-01-2023